Key Steps to Treat Melasma

 

Treating melasma—a type of hyperpigmentation typically triggered by hormones and sun exposure—requires a gentle, consistent approach and sun protection as the cornerstone. While melasma is stubborn and may not fully go away, it can be significantly improved with the right routine.

✅ Key Steps to Treat Melasma:

1. Daily Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher)

• Non-negotiable—even on cloudy days or indoors (UV through windows counts).

• Look for:

  • Physical blockers like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide

  • Tinted formulas (iron oxides) to protect against visible light (important for darker skin tones)

2. Topical Treatments

• Use a combination of ingredients that:

  • Inhibit melanin production

  • Exfoliate gently

  • Reduce inflammation

Effective Ingredients:

• Hydroquinone (2% OTC, 4%+ by prescription): a gold standard melanin inhibitor

• Tranexamic acid: reduces melanin and inflammation

• Niacinamide: brightens and calms skin

• Azelaic acid: reduces pigmentation and inflammation

• Retinoids (e.g., tretinoin or retinaldehyde): increase cell turnover

• Vitamin C: antioxidant that helps fade pigment over time

3. Gentle Skincare Routine

• Avoid harsh scrubs, alcohol-based toners, or anything that causes irritation.

• Use a mild cleanser and hydrating, non-comedogenic moisturizer.

4. Professional Treatments (under dermatological supervision)

• Chemical peels (glycolic, salicylic, or lactic acid)

• Microneedling

• Laser therapy (with caution—some types may worsen melasma in darker skin tones)

• Oral tranexamic acid (prescribed in resistant cases)

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⚠️ Important Notes:

• Melasma can worsen with heat, friction, or hormone fluctuations.

• Results take weeks to months—patience and consistency are crucial.

• Discontinue known triggers (like birth control pills) if medically appropriate.