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Hyperpigmentation is caused by excess melanin production, which leads to darker patches of skin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its color, and when its production is disrupted or overstimulated, it results in uneven tone or dark spots.
Common Causes of Hyperpigmentation:
1. Sun Exposure
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UV rays trigger melanin production as a defense mechanism, often leading to sun spots or freckles, especially in unprotected areas.
2. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
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Occurs after acne, eczema, psoriasis, cuts, or burns.
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Inflammation stimulates melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) to produce more pigment.
3. Hormonal Changes
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Known as melasma or "pregnancy mask."
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Often triggered by pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone therapy.
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Typically appears symmetrically on the face.
4. Medications and Chemicals
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Certain drugs (like chemotherapy agents or antibiotics) and topical products can cause pigmentation changes.
5. Genetics
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Some people are more prone to hyperpigmentation based on their skin type and family history.
6. Aging
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Over time, cumulative sun exposure and slower skin regeneration lead to age spots or liver spots.