Key Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

 

The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares a woman’s body for pregnancy. It involves a series of hormonal changes that regulate ovulation (the release of an egg) and the shedding of the uterine lining if pregnancy doesn't occur.

Key Phases of the Menstrual Cycle:

1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1–5)

   • What happens: The cycle begins with menstruation—bleeding as the uterus sheds its lining.

   • Hormones: Low levels of estrogen and progesterone.

2. Follicular Phase (Days 1–13)

   • What happens: The pituitary gland releases FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), which helps develop follicles in the ovaries. One follicle matures into an egg.

   • Hormones: Estrogen rises, thickening the uterine lining.

3. Ovulation (Around Day 14)

   • What happens: A surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) causes the mature egg to be released from the ovary.

   • Fertility: This is the most fertile time in the cycle.

4. Luteal Phase (Days 15–28)

   • What happens: The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum, producing progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.

   • If no pregnancy: Hormone levels drop, the lining breaks down, and the cycle restarts with menstruation.

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Cycle Length:

• Typically 28 days, but it can range from 21 to 35 days in adults.

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Purpose:

To prepare the body for pregnancy each month. If fertilization doesn't occur, the body resets by shedding the uterine lining during menstruation.