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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the face. It often causes redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes small, red, pus-filled bumps. It typically develops in adults over 30 and can worsen over time without treatment. Although the exact cause is unknown, it's believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, immune system overreaction, and possibly the presence of certain mites on the skin (e.g., Demodex).
Common Symptoms:
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Facial redness (especially cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead)
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Flushing or blushing easily
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Visible blood vessels (telangiectasia)
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Bumps or pimples resembling acne
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Eye irritation (ocular rosacea)
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Thickening of the skin, especially on the nose (rhinophyma, in severe cases)
Triggers:
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Sun exposure
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Hot or spicy foods
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Alcohol
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Stress
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Extreme temperatures
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Certain skincare or cosmetic products
Treatment Options:
While there's no cure, rosacea can be managed effectively:
1. Topical Medications
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Metronidazole or azelaic acid (reduce inflammation and redness)
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Ivermectin (targets skin mites and inflammation)
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Brimonidine or oxymetazoline (vasoconstrictors that reduce redness temporarily)
2. Oral Medications
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Antibiotics like doxycycline (for inflammation and pustules)
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Isotretinoin (for severe or resistant cases)
3. Laser and Light Therapies
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Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) or intense pulsed light (IPL) can reduce visible blood vessels and redness.
4. Lifestyle and Skincare Adjustments
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Use gentle, fragrance-free skincare and sunscreen daily.
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Identify and avoid personal triggers.
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Use non-comedogenic and non-irritating cosmetics.