PCOS, or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, is a common hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. It involves imbalances in reproductive hormones, which can affect the ovaries' ability to release eggs regularly.
🔬 What Happens in PCOS?
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The ovaries may develop many small cysts (fluid-filled sacs), though not everyone with PCOS has cysts.
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There’s often an excess of androgens (male hormones like testosterone).
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Ovulation is irregular or absent, leading to fertility issues and other symptoms.
⚠️ Common Signs and Symptoms
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Irregular or missed periods
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Excess hair growth (hirsutism) on face, chest, or back
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Acne (especially jawline and chin)
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Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
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Thinning hair or hair loss
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Ovarian cysts (not always present)
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Fatigue or mood swings
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Dark patches of skin (often on neck, armpits, or groin)
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Infertility or trouble conceiving
🧪 What Causes PCOS?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but contributing factors include:
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Insulin resistance (very common; affects how your body uses sugar)
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Hormonal imbalance (high LH, high androgens, low progesterone)
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Genetics (runs in families)
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Chronic inflammation
🧬 Hormonal Imbalances in PCOS
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⬆️ Testosterone and DHEA-S (androgens)
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⬇️ or irregular progesterone
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⬆️ LH:FSH ratio (often skewed)
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⬆️ Insulin (insulin resistance affects 70–80% of people with PCOS)
🩺 How Is PCOS Diagnosed?
Usually based on 2 of 3 criteria (Rotterdam criteria):
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Irregular or absent periods
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Signs of high androgens (symptoms or blood test)
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Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
Note: Cysts are not required for diagnosis.
💊 Treatment Options
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Lifestyle changes (first-line approach)
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Balanced blood sugar diet
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Regular exercise
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Stress reduction
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Medications:
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Birth control pills (regulate periods, lower androgens)
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Metformin (improves insulin sensitivity)
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Anti-androgens (e.g., spironolactone)
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Fertility meds if trying to conceive
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Supplements (with guidance):
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Inositol, vitamin D, magnesium, NAC
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❤️🩹 Can You Manage PCOS Naturally?
Yes—many people manage symptoms through:
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Blood sugar balance
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Strength training + gentle cardio
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Stress reduction (lowers cortisol and inflammation)
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Consistent sleep
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Supporting liver detox and gut health